Refers to the movements of refugees or internally displaced persons compelled to flee to avoid harm arising from violent conflict or by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects. Forced migration is a complex, wide-ranging and pervasive set of phenomena that manifest as three separate, although sometimes simultaneous and inter-related, types identified by their causal factors: conflict, development policies and projects, and disasters.^[1] (See “Internally displaced person(s)” and “Refugee” below.)