A report submitted by a civil society organization, or jointly by any number of cooperating civil society organizations, to a human rights treaty-monitoring body on the occasion of that body’s initial or periodic review of the treaty performance by a particular state party to the treaty. Therefore, the report is “parallel” in both form and substance to the government report under review. Since such cicil society information is essential to a thorough review of the treaty performance, the report is neither an “alternative,” nor is it a “shadow,” which adjectives suggest information from outside the procedure, or otherwise unauthorized and illegitimate.